PublishTestResults accepts JUnit and other test result formats https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/tasks/reference/publish-test-results-v2?view=azure-pipelines&tabs=trx%2Ctrxattachments%2Cyaml

There should be a way to convert test results from cargo test to one of the accepted formats. A possible approach would be cargo2junit https://docs.rs/crate/cargo2junit/latest