diff --git a/bin/spc-gnu-docker b/bin/spc-gnu-docker
index 6cc36bfa6..20a26389f 100755
--- a/bin/spc-gnu-docker
+++ b/bin/spc-gnu-docker
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fi
 # Detect docker env is setup
 if ! $DOCKER_EXECUTABLE images | grep -q cwcc-spc-gnu-$SPC_USE_ARCH-$SPC_DOCKER_VERSION; then
     echo "Docker container does not exist. Building docker image ..."
-    $DOCKER_EXECUTABLE buildx build $PLATFORM_ARG --no-cache -t cwcc-spc-gnu-$SPC_USE_ARCH-$SPC_DOCKER_VERSION -f- . <<EOF
+    $DOCKER_EXECUTABLE buildx build $PLATFORM_ARG -t cwcc-spc-gnu-$SPC_USE_ARCH-$SPC_DOCKER_VERSION -f- . <<EOF
 FROM centos:7
 RUN sed -i 's/mirror.centos.org/vault.centos.org/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo && \
     sed -i 's/^#.*baseurl=http/baseurl=http/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo && \
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ RUN curl -fsSL -o patchelf.tgz https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf/releases/downlo
     tar -xzf patchelf.tgz -C /patchelf --strip-components=1 && \
     cp /patchelf/bin/patchelf /usr/bin/
 
-RUN curl -o cmake.tgz -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.4/cmake-3.31.4-linux-$SPC_USE_ARCH.tar.gz && \
+RUN curl -o cmake.tgz -#fSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.4/cmake-3.31.4-linux-$SPC_USE_ARCH.tar.gz && \
     mkdir /cmake && \
     tar -xzf cmake.tgz -C /cmake --strip-components 1
 
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ ADD ./bin/setup-runtime /app/bin/setup-runtime
 ADD ./bin/spc /app/bin/spc
 RUN /app/bin/setup-runtime
 RUN /app/bin/php /app/bin/composer install --no-dev
-ENV PATH="/app/bin:/cmake/bin:$PATH"
 ENV SPC_LIBC=glibc
+ENV PATH="/app/bin:/cmake/bin:/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin:\$PATH"
 
 ADD ./config/env.ini /app/config/env.ini
 RUN CC=gcc bin/spc doctor --auto-fix --debug
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ RUN curl -o automake.tgz -fsSL https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-1.17.ta
     make && \
     make install && \
     ln -sf /usr/local/bin/automake /usr/bin/automake
-
 EOF
 fi
 
@@ -154,11 +153,7 @@ if [ -f "$(pwd)/craft.yml" ]; then
 fi
 
 # Apply env in temp env file
-echo 'CC=/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/gcc' > /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
-echo 'CXX=/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/g++' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
-echo 'AR=/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/ar' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
-echo 'LD=/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/ld' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
-echo 'SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS=-fPIC' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
+echo 'SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS=-fPIC' > /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
 echo 'SPC_LIBC=glibc' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
 echo 'SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS_PROGRAM="-Wl,-O1 -pie"' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
 echo 'SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LIBS="-ldl -lpthread -lm -lresolv -lutil -lrt"' >> /tmp/spc-gnu-docker.env
diff --git a/config/env.ini b/config/env.ini
index 60f4a6d4c..95a3d9466 100644
--- a/config/env.ini
+++ b/config/env.ini
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ SPC_CMD_VAR_FRANKENPHP_XCADDY_MODULES="--with github.com/dunglas/frankenphp/cadd
 ; EXTENSION_DIR=
 
 [windows]
+; build target: win7-static
+SPC_TARGET=native-windows
 ; php-sdk-binary-tools path
 PHP_SDK_PATH="${WORKING_DIR}\php-sdk-binary-tools"
 ; upx executable path
@@ -63,6 +65,17 @@ UPX_EXEC="${PKG_ROOT_PATH}\bin\upx.exe"
 SPC_MICRO_PATCHES=static_extensions_win32,cli_checks,disable_huge_page,vcruntime140,win32,zend_stream,cli_static
 
 [linux]
+; Linux can use different build toolchain, but the toolchain can not be changed in this file:
+; - musl (default): used for general linux distros, can build `musl-static` target only.
+; - zig (WIP): used for general linux distros, can build `musl` and `glibc` targets.
+; - musl-native: used for alpine linux, can build `musl-static` and `musl`(WIP) target.
+; - gnu-native (assume): used for general linux distros, can build `glibc` target only and have portability issues.
+
+; build target:
+; - musl-static (default): pure static linking, using musl-libc, can run on any linux distro.
+; - musl: static linking with dynamic linking to musl-libc, can run on musl-based linux distro.
+; - glibc: static linking with dynamic linking to glibc, can run on glibc-based linux distro.
+
 ; include PATH for musl libc.
 SPC_LIBC=musl
 ; compiler environments
@@ -109,6 +122,9 @@ SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS=""
 SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS_PROGRAM="-all-static -Wl,-O1 -pie"
 
 [macos]
+; build target: macho or macho (possibly we could support macho-universal in the future)
+; Currently we do not support universal and cross-compilation for macOS.
+SPC_TARGET=native-macos
 ; compiler environments
 CC=clang
 CXX=clang++
diff --git a/docs/en/guide/extension-notes.md b/docs/en/guide/extension-notes.md
index aa11c3772..5a022b590 100644
--- a/docs/en/guide/extension-notes.md
+++ b/docs/en/guide/extension-notes.md
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ and this extension cannot be compiled into php by static linking, so it cannot b
 
 ## xdebug
 
-1. Xdebug is only buildable as a shared extension. On Linux, you need to use static-php-cli with SPC_LIBC=glibc.
+1. Xdebug is only buildable as a shared extension. You need to use a build target other than `musl-static` for SPC_TARGET.
 2. When using Linux/glibc or macOS, you can compile Xdebug as a shared extension using --build-shared="xdebug". 
    The compiled `./php` binary can be configured and run by specifying the INI, eg `./php -d 'zend_extension=/path/to/xdebug.so' your-code.php`.
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/guide/extension-notes.md b/docs/zh/guide/extension-notes.md
index 10e62eb06..ad787dd95 100644
--- a/docs/zh/guide/extension-notes.md
+++ b/docs/zh/guide/extension-notes.md
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ bin/spc build gd --with-libs=freetype,libjpeg,libavif,libwebp --build-cli
 
 ## xdebug
 
-1. Xdebug 只能作为共享扩展进行构建。在 Linux 上，您需要使用 static-php-cli 并设置 SPC_LIBC=glibc。
+1. Xdebug 只能作为共享扩展进行构建。您需要使用除了 `musl-static` 外的其他 `SPC_TARGET` 构建目标。
 2. 使用 Linux/glibc 或 macOS 时，您可以使用 `--build-shared=xdebug` 将 Xdebug 编译为共享扩展。
    编译后的 `./php` 二进制文件可以通过指定 INI 文件进行配置和运行，例如 `./php -d 'zend_extension=/path/to/xdebug.so' your-code.php`。
 
diff --git a/phpunit.xml.dist b/phpunit.xml.dist
index dc58130d9..2f0c2934b 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml.dist
+++ b/phpunit.xml.dist
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
 >
     <php>
         <env name="SPC_IGNORE_BAD_HASH" value="yes" force="true" />
+        <env name="SPC_SKIP_TOOLCHAIN_CHECK" value="yes" force="true" />
     </php>
 </phpunit>
diff --git a/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php b/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
index b69dcf084..a24eada9a 100644
--- a/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
+++ b/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use SPC\command\CraftCommand;
 use SPC\command\DeleteDownloadCommand;
 use SPC\command\dev\AllExtCommand;
+use SPC\command\dev\EnvCommand;
 use SPC\command\dev\ExtVerCommand;
 use SPC\command\dev\GenerateExtDepDocsCommand;
 use SPC\command\dev\GenerateExtDocCommand;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ public function __construct()
                 new GenerateExtDepDocsCommand(),
                 new GenerateLibDepDocsCommand(),
                 new PackLibCommand(),
+                new EnvCommand(),
             ]
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
index 3f63c84b8..76fc76d62 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\SPCConfigUtil;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 class Extension
 {
@@ -532,6 +533,11 @@ protected function getStaticAndSharedLibs(): array
                 $sharedLibString .= '-l' . $lib . ' ';
             }
         }
+        // move static libstdc++ to shared if we are on non-full-static build target
+        if (!SPCTarget::isStatic() && in_array(SPCTarget::getLibc(), SPCTarget::LIBC_LIST)) {
+            $staticLibString .= ' -lstdc++';
+            $sharedLibString = str_replace('-lstdc++', '', $sharedLibString);
+        }
         return [trim($staticLibString), trim($sharedLibString)];
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/imagick.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/imagick.php
index 7951ea69d..514e79b32 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/imagick.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/imagick.php
@@ -10,34 +10,9 @@
 #[CustomExt('imagick')]
 class imagick extends Extension
 {
-    public function patchBeforeMake(): bool
-    {
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Linux') {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' && str_contains(getenv('CC'), 'devtoolset-10')) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // imagick with calls omp_pause_all, which requires openmp, on non-musl we build imagick without openmp
-        $extra_libs = trim(getenv('SPC_EXTRA_LIBS') . ' -lgomp');
-        f_putenv('SPC_EXTRA_LIBS=' . $extra_libs);
-        return true;
-    }
-
     public function getUnixConfigureArg(bool $shared = false): string
     {
-        $disable_omp = !(getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' && str_contains(getenv('CC'), 'devtoolset-10')) ? '' : ' ac_cv_func_omp_pause_resource_all=no';
+        $disable_omp = ' ac_cv_func_omp_pause_resource_all=no';
         return '--with-imagick=' . ($shared ? 'shared,' : '') . BUILD_ROOT_PATH . $disable_omp;
     }
-
-    protected function getStaticAndSharedLibs(): array
-    {
-        // on centos 7, it will use the symbol _ZTINSt6thread6_StateE, which is not defined in system libstdc++.so.6
-        [$static, $shared] = parent::getStaticAndSharedLibs();
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' && str_contains(getenv('CC'), 'devtoolset-10')) {
-            $static .= ' -lstdc++';
-            $shared = str_replace('-lstdc++', '', $shared);
-        }
-        return [$static, $shared];
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
index 685486154..94d8a41ee 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
@@ -25,22 +25,8 @@ public function __construct(array $options = [])
     {
         $this->options = $options;
 
-        // check musl-cross make installed if we use musl-cross-make
-        $arch = arch2gnu(php_uname('m'));
-
         GlobalEnvManager::init();
-
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'musl' && !SystemUtil::isMuslDist()) {
-            $this->setOptionIfNotExist('library_path', "LIBRARY_PATH=\"/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib\"");
-            $this->setOptionIfNotExist('ld_library_path', "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\"/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib\"");
-            $configure = getenv('SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE');
-            $configure = "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\"/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib\" " . $configure;
-            GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE={$configure}");
-
-            if (!file_exists("/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib/libc.a")) {
-                throw new WrongUsageException('You are building with musl-libc target in glibc distro, but musl-toolchain is not installed, please install musl-toolchain first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
-            }
-        }
+        GlobalEnvManager::afterInit();
 
         // concurrency
         $this->concurrency = intval(getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY'));
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/linux/SystemUtil.php b/src/SPC/builder/linux/SystemUtil.php
index a85f3dec6..0f6d35781 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/linux/SystemUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/linux/SystemUtil.php
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ public static function getSupportedDistros(): array
     /**
      * Get libc version string from ldd
      */
-    public static function getLibcVersionIfExists(): ?string
+    public static function getLibcVersionIfExists(string $libc): ?string
     {
         if (self::$libc_version !== null) {
             return self::$libc_version;
         }
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc') {
+        if ($libc === 'glibc') {
             $result = shell()->execWithResult('ldd --version', false);
             if ($result[0] !== 0) {
                 return null;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public static function getLibcVersionIfExists(): ?string
             }
             return null;
         }
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'musl') {
+        if ($libc === 'musl') {
             if (self::isMuslDist()) {
                 $result = shell()->execWithResult('ldd 2>&1', false);
             } else {
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/linux/library/icu.php b/src/SPC/builder/linux/library/icu.php
index aa2825b7d..c911a2fe4 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/linux/library/icu.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/linux/library/icu.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace SPC\builder\linux\library;
 
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 class icu extends LinuxLibraryBase
 {
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ protected function build(): void
     {
         $cppflags = 'CPPFLAGS="-DU_CHARSET_IS_UTF8=1  -DU_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE=1 -DU_STATIC_IMPLEMENTATION=1 -DPIC -fPIC"';
         $cxxflags = 'CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17 -DPIC -fPIC -fno-ident"';
-        $ldflags = getenv('SPC_LIBC') !== 'glibc' ? 'LDFLAGS="-static"' : '';
+        $ldflags = SPCTarget::isStatic() ? 'LDFLAGS="-static"' : '';
         shell()->cd($this->source_dir . '/source')->initializeEnv($this)
             ->exec(
                 "{$cppflags} {$cxxflags} {$ldflags} " .
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
index 173ec954b..362a68fe7 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ public function __construct(array $options = [])
 
         // apply global environment variables
         GlobalEnvManager::init();
+        GlobalEnvManager::afterInit();
 
         // ---------- set necessary compile vars ----------
         // concurrency
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
index 0d56b0eb3..6f0d5045e 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\DependencyUtil;
 use SPC\util\SPCConfigUtil;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
 {
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ protected function sanityCheck(int $build_target): void
             $util = new SPCConfigUtil($this);
             $config = $util->config($this->ext_list, $this->lib_list, $this->getOption('with-suggested-exts'), $this->getOption('with-suggested-libs'));
             $lens = "{$config['cflags']} {$config['ldflags']} {$config['libs']}";
-            if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'musl') {
+            if (SPCTarget::isStatic()) {
                 $lens .= ' -static';
             }
             [$ret, $out] = shell()->cd($sample_file_path)->execWithResult(getenv('CC') . ' -o embed embed.c ' . $lens);
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ protected function buildFrankenphp(): void
         $debugFlags = $this->getOption('no-strip') ? "'-w -s' " : '';
         $extLdFlags = "-extldflags '-pie'";
         $muslTags = '';
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'musl') {
+        if (SPCTarget::isStatic()) {
             $extLdFlags = "-extldflags '-static-pie -Wl,-z,stack-size=0x80000'";
             $muslTags = 'static_build,';
         }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/imagemagick.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/imagemagick.php
index ead786a22..d7cfa8876 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/imagemagick.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/imagemagick.php
@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@
 
 namespace SPC\builder\unix\library;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
-use SPC\builder\macos\library\MacOSLibraryBase;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\executor\UnixAutoconfExecutor;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 trait imagemagick
 {
     /**
      * @throws RuntimeException
      * @throws FileSystemException
+     * @throws WrongUsageException
      */
     protected function build(): void
     {
@@ -32,17 +33,16 @@ protected function build(): void
             ->optionalLib('freetype', ...ac_with_args('freetype'))
             ->optionalLib('bzip2', ...ac_with_args('bzlib'))
             ->addConfigureArgs(
-                // TODO: glibc rh 10 toolset's libgomp.a was built without -fPIC so we can't use openmp without depending on libgomp.so
-                getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' && str_contains(getenv('CC'), 'devtoolset-10') ? '--disable-openmp' : '--enable-openmp',
+                '--disable-openmp',
                 '--without-jxl',
                 '--without-x',
             );
 
-        // special: linux musl needs `-static`
-        $ldflags = ($this instanceof LinuxLibraryBase) && getenv('SPC_LIBC') !== 'glibc' ? ('-static -ldl') : '-ldl';
+        // special: linux-static target needs `-static`
+        $ldflags = SPCTarget::isStatic() ? ('-static -ldl') : '-ldl';
 
         // special: macOS needs -iconv
-        $libs = $this instanceof MacOSLibraryBase ? '-liconv' : '';
+        $libs = SPCTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Darwin' ? '-liconv' : '';
 
         $ac->appendEnv([
             'LDFLAGS' => $ldflags,
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/ldap.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/ldap.php
index 62f7bcd75..18393e248 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/ldap.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/ldap.php
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
 
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\executor\UnixAutoconfExecutor;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 trait ldap
 {
     public function patchBeforeBuild(): bool
     {
-        $extra = getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' ? '-ldl -lpthread -lm -lresolv -lutil' : '';
+        $extra = SPCTarget::getLibc() === 'glibc' ? '-ldl -lpthread -lm -lresolv -lutil' : '';
         FileSystem::replaceFileStr($this->source_dir . '/configure', '"-lssl -lcrypto', '"-lssl -lcrypto -lz ' . $extra);
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/libxslt.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/libxslt.php
index c820f8f69..aabc277d9 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/libxslt.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/libxslt.php
@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ protected function build(): void
                 '--without-debugger',
                 "--with-libxml-prefix={$this->getBuildRootPath()}",
             );
-        $ac->exec("{$this->builder->getOption('library_path')} {$this->builder->getOption('ld_library_path')} ./configure {$ac->getConfigureArgsString()}")->make();
+        if (getenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD_LIBRARY_PATH') && getenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LIBRARY_PATH')) {
+            $ac->appendEnv([
+                'LD_LIBRARY_PATH' => getenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD_LIBRARY_PATH'),
+                'LIBRARY_PATH' => getenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LIBRARY_PATH'),
+            ]);
+        }
+        $ac->configure()->make();
 
         $this->patchPkgconfPrefix(['libexslt.pc']);
         $this->patchLaDependencyPrefix();
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/mimalloc.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/mimalloc.php
index 788688565..6d89e6dfc 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/mimalloc.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/mimalloc.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace SPC\builder\unix\library;
 
 use SPC\util\executor\UnixCMakeExecutor;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 trait mimalloc
 {
@@ -13,9 +14,9 @@ protected function build(): void
         $cmake = UnixCMakeExecutor::create($this)
             ->addConfigureArgs(
                 '-DMI_BUILD_SHARED=OFF',
-                '-DMI_INSTALL_TOPLEVEL=ON'
+                '-DMI_INSTALL_TOPLEVEL=ON',
             );
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'musl') {
+        if (SPCTarget::getLibc() === 'musl') {
             $cmake->addConfigureArgs('-DMI_LIBC_MUSL=ON');
         }
         $cmake->build();
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/pkgconfig.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/pkgconfig.php
index 05727f96a..1817ab0c9 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/pkgconfig.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/pkgconfig.php
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace SPC\builder\unix\library;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
 use SPC\util\executor\UnixAutoconfExecutor;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 trait pkgconfig
 {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ protected function build(): void
         UnixAutoconfExecutor::create($this)
             ->appendEnv([
                 'CFLAGS' => PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Linux' ? '-Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wno-int-conversion' : '',
-                'LDFLAGS' => !($this instanceof LinuxLibraryBase) || getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' ? '' : '--static',
+                'LDFLAGS' => SPCTarget::isStatic() ? '--static' : '',
             ])
             ->configure(
                 '--with-internal-glib',
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
index 1de3e4c28..c2cc7165e 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 trait postgresql
 {
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ protected function build(): void
         $error_exec_cnt += $output[0] === 0 ? 0 : 1;
         if (!empty($output[1][0])) {
             $ldflags = $output[1][0];
-            $envs .= !($this instanceof LinuxLibraryBase) || getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' ? " LDFLAGS=\"{$ldflags}\" " : " LDFLAGS=\"{$ldflags} -static\" ";
+            $envs .= SPCTarget::isStatic() ? " LDFLAGS=\"{$ldflags} -static\" " : " LDFLAGS=\"{$ldflags}\" ";
         }
         $output = shell()->execWithResult("pkg-config --libs-only-l --static {$packages}");
         $error_exec_cnt += $output[0] === 0 ? 0 : 1;
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
index c7450050a..25a503ebf 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public function __construct(array $options = [])
         $this->options = $options;
 
         GlobalEnvManager::init();
+        GlobalEnvManager::afterInit();
 
         // ---------- set necessary options ----------
         // set sdk (require visual studio 16 or 17)
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/BaseCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/BaseCommand.php
index 832ced971..9c07b074e 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/BaseCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/BaseCommand.php
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
         // init GlobalEnv
         if (!$this instanceof BuildCommand) {
             GlobalEnvManager::init();
+            f_putenv('SPC_SKIP_TOOLCHAIN_CHECK=yes');
         }
         if ($this->shouldExecute()) {
             try {
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/BuildPHPCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/BuildPHPCommand.php
index 21a848a5e..8bfa4aafe 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/BuildPHPCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/BuildPHPCommand.php
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 use SPC\util\DependencyUtil;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 use SPC\util\LicenseDumper;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ public function handle(): int
 
         // check dynamic extension build env
         // linux must build with glibc
-        if (!empty($shared_extensions) && PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && getenv('SPC_LIBC') !== 'glibc') {
-            $this->output->writeln('Linux does not support dynamic extension loading with musl-libc full-static build, please build with glibc!');
+        if (!empty($shared_extensions) && SPCTarget::isStatic()) {
+            $this->output->writeln('Linux does not support dynamic extension loading with musl-libc full-static build, please build with shared target!');
             return static::FAILURE;
         }
         $static_and_shared = array_intersect($static_extensions, $shared_extensions);
@@ -133,6 +134,8 @@ public function handle(): int
             // print info
             $indent_texts = [
                 'Build OS' => PHP_OS_FAMILY . ' (' . php_uname('m') . ')',
+                'Build Target' => getenv('SPC_TARGET'),
+                'Build Toolchain' => getenv('SPC_TOOLCHAIN'),
                 'Build SAPI' => $builder->getBuildTypeName($rule),
                 'Static Extensions (' . count($static_extensions) . ')' => implode(',', $static_extensions),
                 'Shared Extensions (' . count($shared_extensions) . ')' => implode(',', $shared_extensions),
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/CraftCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/CraftCommand.php
index c8003a3e1..fbf3a5bed 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/CraftCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/CraftCommand.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
 
 #[AsCommand('craft', 'Build static-php from craft.yml')]
-class CraftCommand extends BaseCommand
+class CraftCommand extends BuildCommand
 {
     public function configure(): void
     {
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/DownloadCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/DownloadCommand.php
index d5054aa95..1e895bdb6 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/DownloadCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/DownloadCommand.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 namespace SPC\command;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\traits\UnixSystemUtilTrait;
 use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
 use SPC\store\LockFile;
 use SPC\util\DependencyUtil;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ public function handle(): int
                             '{name}' => $source,
                             '{arch}' => arch2gnu(php_uname('m')),
                             '{os}' => strtolower(PHP_OS_FAMILY),
-                            '{libc}' => getenv('SPC_LIBC') ?: 'default',
-                            '{libcver}' => PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' ? (SystemUtil::getLibcVersionIfExists() ?? 'default') : 'default',
+                            '{libc}' => SPCTarget::getLibc() ?? 'default',
+                            '{libcver}' => SPCTarget::getLibcVersion() ?? 'default',
                         ];
                         $find = str_replace(array_keys($replace), array_values($replace), Config::getPreBuilt('match-pattern'));
                         // find filename in asset list
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/SPCConfigCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/SPCConfigCommand.php
index d3c7a0b25..a1886ed1c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/SPCConfigCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/SPCConfigCommand.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
 
 #[AsCommand('spc-config', 'Build dependencies')]
-class SPCConfigCommand extends BuildCommand
+class SPCConfigCommand extends BaseCommand
 {
     protected bool $no_motd = true;
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/dev/EnvCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/dev/EnvCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5a0cec32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/command/dev/EnvCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\command\dev;
+
+use SPC\command\BaseCommand;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+
+#[AsCommand('dev:env', 'Returns the internally defined environment variables')]
+class EnvCommand extends BaseCommand
+{
+    public function configure()
+    {
+        $this->addArgument('env', InputArgument::REQUIRED, 'The environment variable to show, if not set, all will be shown');
+    }
+
+    public function initialize(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): void
+    {
+        $this->no_motd = true;
+        parent::initialize($input, $output);
+    }
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $env = $this->getArgument('env');
+        if (($val = getenv($env)) === false) {
+            $this->output->writeln("<error>Environment variable '{$env}' is not set.</error>");
+            return static::FAILURE;
+        }
+        $this->output->writeln("<info>{$val}</info>");
+        return static::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/command/dev/PackLibCommand.php b/src/SPC/command/dev/PackLibCommand.php
index d0d9797e5..e51cdb174 100644
--- a/src/SPC/command/dev/PackLibCommand.php
+++ b/src/SPC/command/dev/PackLibCommand.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 use SPC\builder\BuilderProvider;
 use SPC\builder\LibraryBase;
-use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\command\BuildCommand;
 use SPC\exception\ExceptionHandler;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\LockFile;
 use SPC\util\DependencyUtil;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
 
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ public function handle(): int
                         '{name}' => $lib->getName(),
                         '{arch}' => arch2gnu(php_uname('m')),
                         '{os}' => strtolower(PHP_OS_FAMILY),
-                        '{libc}' => getenv('SPC_LIBC') ?: 'default',
-                        '{libcver}' => PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' ? (SystemUtil::getLibcVersionIfExists() ?? 'default') : 'default',
+                        '{libc}' => SPCTarget::getLibc() ?? 'default',
+                        '{libcver}' => SPCTarget::getLibcVersion() ?? 'default',
                     ];
                     // detect suffix, for proper tar option
                     $tar_option = $this->getTarOptionFromSuffix(Config::getPreBuilt('match-pattern'));
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/CheckListHandler.php b/src/SPC/doctor/CheckListHandler.php
index 23005dfda..cac17ce3b 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/CheckListHandler.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/CheckListHandler.php
@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ private function loadCheckList(bool $include_manual = false): array
     {
         foreach (FileSystem::getClassesPsr4(__DIR__ . '/item', 'SPC\doctor\item') as $class) {
             $ref = new \ReflectionClass($class);
+            $optional = $ref->getAttributes(OptionalCheck::class)[0] ?? null;
+            if ($optional !== null) {
+                /** @var OptionalCheck $instance */
+                $instance = $optional->newInstance();
+                if (is_callable($instance->check) && !call_user_func($instance->check)) {
+                    continue; // skip this class if optional check is false
+                }
+            }
             foreach ($ref->getMethods() as $method) {
                 foreach ($method->getAttributes() as $a) {
                     if (is_a($a->getName(), AsCheckItem::class, true)) {
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/OptionalCheck.php b/src/SPC/doctor/OptionalCheck.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dae938b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/OptionalCheck.php
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\doctor;
+
+#[\Attribute(\Attribute::TARGET_CLASS | \Attribute::TARGET_METHOD)]
+class OptionalCheck
+{
+    public function __construct(public array $check) {}
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
index 155163552..a4e57eba2 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
 namespace SPC\doctor\item;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\doctor\AsCheckItem;
 use SPC\doctor\AsFixItem;
 use SPC\doctor\CheckResult;
+use SPC\doctor\OptionalCheck;
 use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\PackageManager;
 use SPC\store\SourcePatcher;
+use SPC\toolchain\MuslToolchain;
 
+#[OptionalCheck([self::class, 'optionalCheck'])]
 class LinuxMuslCheck
 {
+    public static function optionalCheck(): bool
+    {
+        return getenv('SPC_TOOLCHAIN') === MuslToolchain::class;
+    }
+
     /** @noinspection PhpUnused */
     #[AsCheckItem('if musl-wrapper is installed', limit_os: 'Linux', level: 800)]
     public function checkMusl(): CheckResult
     {
-        if (SystemUtil::isMuslDist()) {
-            return CheckResult::ok('musl-based distro, skipped');
-        }
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc') {
-            return CheckResult::ok('Building with glibc, skipped');
-        }
-
         $musl_wrapper_lib = sprintf('/lib/ld-musl-%s.so.1', php_uname('m'));
         if (file_exists($musl_wrapper_lib) && file_exists('/usr/local/musl/lib/libc.a')) {
             return CheckResult::ok();
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ public function checkMusl(): CheckResult
     #[AsCheckItem('if musl-cross-make is installed', limit_os: 'Linux', level: 799)]
     public function checkMuslCrossMake(): CheckResult
     {
-        if (SystemUtil::isMuslDist()) {
-            return CheckResult::ok('musl-based distro, skipped');
-        }
-        if (getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc') {
-            return CheckResult::ok('Building with glibc, skipped');
-        }
-
         $arch = arch2gnu(php_uname('m'));
         $cross_compile_lib = "/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib/libc.a";
         $cross_compile_gcc = "/usr/local/musl/bin/{$arch}-linux-musl-gcc";
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
index 56235b0cf..51e191bfa 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ class LinuxToolCheckList
         'binutils-gold' => 'ld.gold',
         'base-devel' => 'automake',
         'gettext-devel' => 'gettextize',
+        'gettext-dev' => 'gettextize',
     ];
 
     /** @noinspection PhpUnused */
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php b/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
index ba0cd124d..f031d73a8 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 
 namespace SPC\store;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\pkg\CustomPackage;
 use SPC\store\source\CustomSourceBase;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 /**
  * Source Downloader.
@@ -591,7 +591,12 @@ public static function curlDown(string $url, string $path, string $method = 'GET
 
     public static function getPreBuiltLockName(string $source): string
     {
-        return "{$source}-" . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '-' . getenv('GNU_ARCH') . '-' . (getenv('SPC_LIBC') ?: 'default') . '-' . (SystemUtil::getLibcVersionIfExists() ?? 'default');
+        $os_family = PHP_OS_FAMILY;
+        $gnu_arch = getenv('GNU_ARCH') ?: 'unknown';
+        $libc = SPCTarget::getLibc();
+        $libc_version = SPCTarget::getLibcVersion() ?? 'default';
+
+        return "{$source}-{$os_family}-{$gnu_arch}-{$libc}-{$libc_version}";
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php b/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
index 1e8be7927..54f805b60 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 class SourcePatcher
 {
@@ -459,7 +460,7 @@ public static function patchImagickWith84(): bool
 
     public static function patchFfiCentos7FixO3strncmp(): bool
     {
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Linux' || SystemUtil::getLibcVersionIfExists() > '2.17') {
+        if (!($ver = SPCTarget::getLibcVersion()) || version_compare($ver, '2.17', '>')) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!file_exists(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/main/php_version.h')) {
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/pkg/GoXcaddy.php b/src/SPC/store/pkg/GoXcaddy.php
index e0c7c5b96..8dc1cf2d6 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/pkg/GoXcaddy.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/pkg/GoXcaddy.php
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\LockFile;
-use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
 class GoXcaddy extends CustomPackage
 {
@@ -62,7 +61,6 @@ public function extract(string $name): void
 
         FileSystem::extractPackage($name, $source_type, $filename, $extract);
 
-        GlobalEnvManager::init();
         // install xcaddy
         shell()
             ->appendEnv([
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5186521c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+use SPC\builder\freebsd\SystemUtil as FreeBSDSystemUtil;
+use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil as LinuxSystemUtil;
+use SPC\builder\macos\SystemUtil as MacOSSystemUtil;
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
+
+class ClangNativeToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
+{
+    public function initEnv(): void
+    {
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC=clang');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX=clang++');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR=ar');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD=ld');
+    }
+
+    public function afterInit(): void
+    {
+        // check clang exists
+        match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
+            'Linux' => LinuxSystemUtil::findCommand('clang++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('Clang++ not found, please install it or manually set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            'Darwin' => MacOSSystemUtil::findCommand('clang++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('Clang++ not found, please install it or set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            'BSD' => FreeBSDSystemUtil::findCommand('clang++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('Clang++ not found, please install it or set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            default => throw new WrongUsageException('Clang is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd8cc8688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+use SPC\builder\freebsd\SystemUtil as FreeBSDSystemUtil;
+use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil as LinuxSystemUtil;
+use SPC\builder\macos\SystemUtil as MacOSSystemUtil;
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
+
+class GccNativeToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
+{
+    public function initEnv(): void
+    {
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC=gcc');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX=g++');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR=ar');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD=ld.gold');
+    }
+
+    public function afterInit(): void
+    {
+        // check gcc exists
+        match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
+            'Linux' => LinuxSystemUtil::findCommand('g++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('g++ not found, please install it or set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            'Darwin' => MacOSSystemUtil::findCommand('g++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('g++ not found, please install it or set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            'BSD' => FreeBSDSystemUtil::findCommand('g++') ?? throw new WrongUsageException('g++ not found, please install it or set CC/CXX to a valid path.'),
+            default => throw new \RuntimeException('GCC is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/MSVCToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/MSVCToolchain.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..567cff38d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/MSVCToolchain.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+class MSVCToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
+{
+    public function initEnv(): void {}
+
+    public function afterInit(): void {}
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd7955560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
+
+class MuslToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
+{
+    public function initEnv(): void
+    {
+        $arch = getenv('GNU_ARCH');
+        // Set environment variables for musl toolchain
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC={$arch}-linux-musl-gcc");
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX={$arch}-linux-musl-g++");
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR={$arch}-linux-musl-ar");
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD={$arch}-linux-musl-ld");
+        GlobalEnvManager::addPathIfNotExists('/usr/local/musl/bin');
+        GlobalEnvManager::addPathIfNotExists("/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/bin");
+
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/musl/lib:/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib");
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/musl/lib:/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib");
+    }
+
+    public function afterInit(): void
+    {
+        $arch = getenv('GNU_ARCH');
+        // append LD_LIBRARY_PATH to $configure = getenv('SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE');
+        $configure = getenv('SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE');
+        $ld_library_path = getenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD_LIBRARY_PATH');
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\"{$ld_library_path}\" {$configure}");
+
+        if (!file_exists("/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib/libc.a")) {
+            throw new WrongUsageException('You are building with musl-libc target in glibc distro, but musl-toolchain is not installed, please install musl-toolchain first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainInterface.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c6d51d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+interface ToolchainInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * Initialize the environment for the given target.
+     */
+    public function initEnv(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Perform actions after the environment has been initialized for the given target.
+     */
+    public function afterInit(): void;
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainManager.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainManager.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76807bf22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ToolchainManager.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
+
+class ToolchainManager
+{
+    public const array OS_DEFAULT_TOOLCHAIN = [
+        'Linux' => MuslToolchain::class, // use musl toolchain by default, after zig pr merged, change this to ZigToolchain::class
+        'Windows' => MSVCToolchain::class,
+        'Darwin' => ClangNativeToolchain::class,
+        'BSD' => ClangNativeToolchain::class,
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * @throws WrongUsageException
+     */
+    public static function initToolchain(): void
+    {
+        $libc = getenv('SPC_LIBC');
+        if ($libc !== false) {
+            // uncomment this when zig pr is merged
+            // logger()->warning('SPC_LIBC is deprecated, please use SPC_TARGET instead.');
+            $toolchain = match ($libc) {
+                'musl' => SystemUtil::isMuslDist() ? GccNativeToolchain::class : MuslToolchain::class,
+                'glibc' => !SystemUtil::isMuslDist() ? GccNativeToolchain::class : throw new WrongUsageException('SPC_TARGET must be musl-static or musl for musl dist.'),
+                default => throw new WrongUsageException('Unsupported SPC_LIBC value: ' . $libc),
+            };
+        } else {
+            $toolchain = self::OS_DEFAULT_TOOLCHAIN[PHP_OS_FAMILY];
+        }
+        $toolchainClass = $toolchain;
+        /* @var ToolchainInterface $toolchainClass */
+        (new $toolchainClass())->initEnv();
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_TOOLCHAIN={$toolchain}");
+    }
+
+    public static function afterInitToolchain(): void
+    {
+        if (!getenv('SPC_TOOLCHAIN')) {
+            throw new WrongUsageException('SPC_TOOLCHAIN not set');
+        }
+        $toolchain = getenv('SPC_TOOLCHAIN');
+        /* @var ToolchainInterface $toolchain */
+        (new $toolchain())->afterInit();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3922fecbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\toolchain;
+
+class ZigToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
+{
+    public function initEnv(): void {}
+
+    public function afterInit(): void {}
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php b/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
index fa5c9cf54..23ae242dc 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 namespace SPC\util;
 
-use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\toolchain\ToolchainManager;
 
 /**
  * Environment variable manager
@@ -40,24 +40,6 @@ public static function init(): void
             self::putenv('PKG_CONFIG_PATH=' . BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/lib/pkgconfig');
         }
 
-        // Define env vars for linux
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux') {
-            $arch = getenv('GNU_ARCH');
-            if (SystemUtil::isMuslDist() || getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc') {
-                self::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC=gcc');
-                self::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX=g++');
-                self::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR=ar');
-                self::putenv('SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD=ld.gold');
-            } else {
-                self::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC={$arch}-linux-musl-gcc");
-                self::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX={$arch}-linux-musl-g++");
-                self::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR={$arch}-linux-musl-ar");
-                self::putenv("SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_LD={$arch}-linux-musl-ld");
-                self::addPathIfNotExists('/usr/local/musl/bin');
-                self::addPathIfNotExists("/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/bin");
-            }
-        }
-
         $ini = self::readIniFile();
 
         $default_put_list = [];
@@ -80,6 +62,9 @@ public static function init(): void
                 self::putenv("{$k}={$v}");
             }
         }
+
+        ToolchainManager::initToolchain();
+
         // apply second time
         $ini2 = self::readIniFile();
 
@@ -108,13 +93,26 @@ public static function putenv(string $val): void
         self::$env_cache[] = $val;
     }
 
-    private static function addPathIfNotExists(string $path): void
+    public static function addPathIfNotExists(string $path): void
     {
         if (is_unix() && !str_contains(getenv('PATH'), $path)) {
             self::putenv("PATH={$path}:" . getenv('PATH'));
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Initialize the toolchain after the environment variables are set.
+     * The toolchain or environment availability check is done here.
+     *
+     * @throws WrongUsageException
+     */
+    public static function afterInit(): void
+    {
+        if (!filter_var(getenv('SPC_SKIP_TOOLCHAIN_CHECK'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOL)) {
+            ToolchainManager::afterInitToolchain();
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * @throws WrongUsageException
      */
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/SPCConfigUtil.php b/src/SPC/util/SPCConfigUtil.php
index 8e69e89ce..fec3c0895 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/SPCConfigUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/SPCConfigUtil.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public function config(array $extensions = [], array $libraries = [], bool $incl
         ob_get_clean();
         $ldflags = $this->getLdflagsString();
         $libs = $this->getLibsString($libraries, $with_dependencies);
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Darwin') {
+        if (SPCTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Darwin') {
             $libs .= " {$this->getFrameworksString($extensions)}";
         }
         $cflags = $this->getIncludesString();
@@ -145,10 +145,6 @@ private function getLibsString(array $libraries, bool $withDependencies = false)
                 }
             }
         }
-        // patch: imagick (imagemagick wrapper) for linux needs libgomp
-        if (in_array('imagemagick', $libraries) && PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && !(getenv('SPC_LIBC') === 'glibc' && str_contains(getenv('CC'), 'devtoolset-10'))) {
-            $short_name[] = '-lgomp';
-        }
         return implode(' ', $short_name);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/SPCTarget.php b/src/SPC/util/SPCTarget.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..071f26204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/util/SPCTarget.php
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\util;
+
+use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
+use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+
+/**
+ * SPC build target constants and toolchain initialization.
+ * format: {target_name}[-{libc_subtype}]
+ */
+class SPCTarget
+{
+    public const array LIBC_LIST = [
+        'musl',
+        'glibc',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the target is a full-static target.
+     */
+    public static function isStatic(): bool
+    {
+        $env = getenv('SPC_TARGET');
+        $libc = getenv('SPC_LIBC');
+        // if SPC_LIBC is set, it means the target is static, remove it when 3.0 is released
+        if ($libc === 'musl') {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // TODO: add zig target parser here
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the libc type if set, for other OS, it will always return null.
+     */
+    public static function getLibc(): ?string
+    {
+        $env = getenv('SPC_TARGET');
+        $libc = getenv('SPC_LIBC');
+        if ($libc !== false) {
+            return $libc;
+        }
+        // TODO: zig target parser
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the libc version if set, for other OS, it will always return null.
+     */
+    public static function getLibcVersion(): ?string
+    {
+        $env = getenv('SPC_TARGET');
+        $libc = getenv('SPC_LIBC');
+        if ($libc !== false) {
+            // legacy method: get a version from system
+            return SystemUtil::getLibcVersionIfExists($libc);
+        }
+        // TODO: zig target parser
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the target OS family, e.g. Linux, Darwin, Windows, BSD.
+     * Currently, we only support native building.
+     *
+     * @return 'BSD'|'Darwin'|'Linux'|'Windows'
+     * @throws WrongUsageException
+     */
+    public static function getTargetOS(): string
+    {
+        $target = getenv('SPC_TARGET');
+        if ($target === false) {
+            return PHP_OS_FAMILY;
+        }
+        // TODO: zig target parser like below?
+        return match (true) {
+            str_contains($target, 'linux') => 'Linux',
+            str_contains($target, 'macos') => 'Darwin',
+            str_contains($target, 'windows') => 'Windows',
+            default => throw new WrongUsageException('Cannot parse target.'),
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/globals/test-extensions.php b/src/globals/test-extensions.php
index 70758f855..86b53b8dc 100644
--- a/src/globals/test-extensions.php
+++ b/src/globals/test-extensions.php
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 
 // test os (macos-13, macos-14, macos-15, ubuntu-latest, windows-latest are available)
 $test_os = [
-    // 'macos-13',
-    // 'macos-14',
-    // 'macos-15',
-    // 'ubuntu-latest',
-    // 'ubuntu-22.04',
-    // 'ubuntu-24.04',
-    // 'ubuntu-22.04-arm',
-    // 'ubuntu-24.04-arm',
-    'windows-latest',
+    // 'macos-13', // bin/spc for x86_64
+    // 'macos-14',  // bin/spc for arm64
+    'macos-15', // bin/spc for arm64
+    'ubuntu-latest', // bin/spc-alpine-docker for x86_64
+    'ubuntu-22.04', // bin/spc-gnu-docker for x86_64
+    'ubuntu-24.04', // bin/spc for x86_64
+    // 'ubuntu-22.04-arm', // bin/spc-gnu-docker for arm64
+    // 'ubuntu-24.04-arm', // bin/spc for arm64
+    // 'windows-latest', // .\bin\spc.ps1
 ];
 
 // whether enable thread safe
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 // You can use `common`, `bulk`, `minimal` or `none`.
 // note: combination is only available for *nix platform. Windows must use `none` combination
 $base_combination = match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
-    'Linux', 'Darwin' => 'minimal',
+    'Linux', 'Darwin' => 'common',
     'Windows' => 'none',
 };