[Feature] Add support for ROS2 jazzy

[LastStarDust]

I updated, fixed and revamped the CMake files to be compatible with ROS2 Jazzy and any recent version of protobuf.
I double checked that everything works in the following 4 combinations:

• ROS2 humble
• ROS2 jazzy
• Protobuf v23
• Protobuf v27

If you want, I could also push the shell scripts and VSCode configuration I used for troubleshooting the build.

[LastStarDust]

The CI is failing because of some permission error. So I suspect an issue with the environment. I could take a look, but I see that I don't have the necessary legal authorization to open a PR, so I am wondering if it makes any sense that I continue working on this PR to begin with.

[tfoote]

@mbeards found the solution to CI on #38 was the CMake Version to get CI running. I confirmed that the baseline CI passes in #39

You likely need this equivalent fix.
85d6769

[LastStarDust]

I applied that fix but the original problem persists:

  [ 41%] Generating C++ type support for Protobuf
  gmake[2]: /__w/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf/ros_ws/install/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/lib/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp: Permission denied
  gmake[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/unique_identifier_msgs__rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp.dir/build.make:84: rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/unique_identifier_msgs/msg/detail/uuid__type_support.cpp] Error 127
  gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:403: CMakeFiles/unique_identifier_msgs__rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp.dir/all] Error 2
  gmake: *** [Makefile:146: all] Error 2

I will continue to investigate what kind of permission CMake is complaining abobut.

[mbeards]

I applied that fix but the original problem persists:

  [ 41%] Generating C++ type support for Protobuf
  gmake[2]: /__w/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf/ros_ws/install/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/lib/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp: Permission denied
  gmake[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/unique_identifier_msgs__rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp.dir/build.make:84: rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp/unique_identifier_msgs/msg/detail/uuid__type_support.cpp] Error 127
  gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:403: CMakeFiles/unique_identifier_msgs__rosidl_typesupport_protobuf_cpp.dir/all] Error 2
  gmake: *** [Makefile:146: all] Error 2

I will continue to investigate what kind of permission CMake is complaining abobut.

I figured it out in fcb31c3

if(POLICY CMP0148)
  cmake_policy(SET CMP0148 OLD)
endif()