DiffRays - IDA Pro Binary Diffing Engine

DiffRays is a research-oriented tool for binary patch diffing, designed to aid in vulnerability research, exploit development, and reverse engineering. It leverages IDA Pro and the IDA Domain API to extract pseudocode of functions and perform structured diffing between patched and unpatched binaries.

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✨ Features

• 🔎 Patch Diffing: Compare functions across different binary versions to identify code changes.
• 🧩 IDA Pro Integration: Uses IDA Pro and the IDA Domain API for accurate pseudocode extraction.
• 📂 SQLite Output: Stores results in a SQLite database for easy reuse and analysis.
• 🌐 Web Interface: Built-in server mode to browse, search, and visualize diff results interactively.
• 🤖 AutoDiff: Automatically fetches vulnerable and patched binaries (via CVE, file, or month) and runs the diff end-to-end.
• 📊 Research-Ready: Designed to support vulnerability research and exploit development workflows.

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🛠️ Requirements

• IDA Pro Version
  • The IDA Domain library requires IDA Pro 9.1.0 or later.
• IDA Domain API
• Python 3.8+
• Additional Python dependencies

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⚙️ Setup

1. Clone the repository

   git clone https://github.com/pwnfuzz/diffrays
   cd diffrays

2. Install dependencies

   pip install .

3. Setup IDADIR environment variable to point to your IDA installation directory:

   Windows:
       set IDADIR="[IDA Installation Directory]"
   
   Linux:
       export IDADIR="[IDA Installation Directory]"

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🚀 Usage

> diffrays --help

______ _  __  ________
|  _  (_)/ _|/ _| ___ \
| | | |_| |_| |_| |_/ /__ _ _   _ ___
| | | | |  _|  _|    // _` | | | / __|
| |/ /| | | | | | |\ \ (_| | |_| \__ \
|___/ |_|_| |_| \_| \_\__,_|\__, |___/
                             __/ |
                            |___/      v1.5 Omicron

usage: diffrays [-h] {diff,server,autodiff} ...

Binary Diff Analysis Tool - Decompile, Compare, and Visualize Binary Changes

positional arguments:
  {diff,server,autodiff}
                        Command to execute
    diff                Analyze two binaries and generate differential database
    server              Launch web server to view diff results
    autodiff            Auto-download binaries (via CVE or manual input) and run diff

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Examples:
  diffrays autodiff --cve CVE-2025-29824
  diffrays autodiff -f clfs.sys -m 2025-09
  diffrays autodiff -f clfs.sys -m 2025-09 -w 2023-H2
  diffrays diff old_binary.exe new_binary.exe
  diffrays diff old.so new.so -o custom_name.sqlite --log
  diffrays server --db-path result_old_new_20231201.sqlite --debug

For more information, visit: https://github.com/pwnfuzz/diffrays

🔄 AutoDiff – Automatic Binary Collection & Diffing

The autodiff command streamlines patch analysis by automatically fetching binaries (via CVE or manual parameters) and running a diff without manual downloads.

Example 1: Run by CVE

    diffrays autodiff --cve CVE-2025-29824

This will:

• Automatically locate vulnerable and patched binaries related to the CVE with the help of Winbindex.
• Run the diff engine.
• Generate a results database.

Example 2: Run by File + Month

    diffrays autodiff -f clfs.sys -m 2025-09

This will:

• Download clfs.sys from the September 2025 update.
• Locate its prior version and run a diff automatically.
• Provide a fallback when --cve doesn’t correctly identify the vulnerable component (which can happen if the CVE affects multiple binaries or metadata is incomplete).

⚙️ Manual Binary Diffing

1. Run Patch Diffing in IDA

    python diffrays.py diff old_binary.exe new_binary.exe

2. Start the DiffRays Server

    python diffrays.py server --db-path diff_results.sqlite

3. Open your browser at http://localhost:5555 to view results.

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🔬 Example Workflows

Manual Diffing CVE-2025-29824

1. Collect target binaries

   • CVE-2025-1246 affects the Common Log File System driver (Clfs.sys).
   • Download the two versions of the driver from Microsoft’s update packages (via WinBIndex or your preferred source):
     • Vulnerable build: Clfs.sys 10.0.22621.5037 → download here
     • Patched build: Clfs.sys 10.0.22621.5189 → download here
   • Save them into a working directory:

   curl -L -o clfs_10.0.22621.5037.sys https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols/clfs.sys/4A2750956f000/clfs.sys
   curl -L -o clfs_10.0.22621.5189.sys https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols/clfs.sys/68C175656f000/clfs.sys

2. Run DiffRays

   python diffrays.py diff clfs_10.0.22621.5037.sys clfs_10.0.22621.5189.sys

3. Start the web server

   python diffrays.py server --db-path clfs_diff.sqlite

4. Browse interactively

   • Open http://127.0.0.1:5555
   
   

5. Browse Diff Results

   • The Diff Result page shows the results of binary diffing and can be sorted based on changes.
   
   

6. View Function Details

   • Clicking on a function displays the detailed diff result.
   
   

Automatic Diffing - CVE-2025-53149

1. Run AutoDiff with a CVE ID

    diffrays autodiff --cve CVE-2025-53149

2. Automatic Analysis Diffrays will:
   - Identify the affected component.
   - Download both vulnerable and patched binaries.
   - Perform the diff and generate a results database automatically.

   

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📖 Use Cases

• Researching Microsoft Patch Tuesday vulnerabilities
• Identifying security fixes introduced in new software versions
• Supporting exploit development by analyzing patched vs. unpatched code paths
• Reverse engineering software updates

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💡 Inspired By

DiffRays takes inspiration from prior research and tools in the binary diffing space, including:

• BinDiff - Quickly find differences and similarities in disassembled code.
• Diaphora - Diaphora, the most advanced Free and Open Source program diffing tool.
• Ghidriff - Python Command-Line Ghidra Binary Diffing Engine

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⚠️ Disclaimer

This project is intended for educational and research purposes only. The author does not condone or encourage malicious use of this tool.

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📜 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.