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Breaking the Sorting Barrier for Directed Single-Source Shortest Paths


Result

  • Dijkstra → Complete, accurate, but slower.
  • BMSSP → Much faster but only covers a fraction of the graph and produces large distance errors (max diff ~85).
  • Trade-off: speed vs accuracy.
Generating graph: n=200000, m=800000, seed=0
Graph generated. avg out-degree4.000
Dijkstra: time=1.714210s, relaxations=800000, heap_ops=533360, reachable=200000
BMSSP params: top-level l=2
BMSSP: time=0.079001s, relaxations=26373, reachable=8629, B'=0.0, |U_final|=2048
Distance agreement (max abs diff on commonly reachable nodes): 8.540939e+01
Metric Dijkstra BMSSP Notes
Nodes (n) 200,000 200,000 Same graph for both algorithms
Edges (m) 800,000 800,000 Avg out-degree ≈ 4
Execution Time (s) 1.7142 0.0790 BMSSP is ~22× faster
Relaxations 800,000 26,373 BMSSP examines ~3% of edges
Heap Ops 533,360 BMSSP doesn’t use standard PQ for all ops
Reachable Nodes 200,000 8,629 BMSSP covers only ~4.3% of nodes
B′ (bound) 0.0 Indicates aggressive pruning
** U_final (unresolved)** 2,048 Nodes BMSSP left unprocessed
Max Abs Distance Diff 0 85.41 Large error on overlapping reachable set

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